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Home Educational Resources
Availability of home resources for learning has a strong, positive relationship with eighth-grade students’ mathematics and science achievement internationally. The TIMSS 2023 Home Educational Resources scale (Exhibit 3.1.4) is based on students’ reports about the number of books and other study supports in their homes, as well as the highest level of their parents’ education. Based on these reports, students were classified as having “many resources,” “some resources,” or “few resources.”
Internationally, 26 percent of students were classified as having “many resources,” 45 percent were classified as having “some resources,” and 28 percent were classified as having “few resources.” There is considerable variation in these percentages across countries.
In both mathematics and science (Exhibits 3.1.5 and 3.1.6, respectively), students with “many resources” had much higher average achievement internationally than students with “few resources” (524 vs. 429 in mathematics and 525 vs. 425 in science). For both subjects, students with “some resources” had average achievement scores between those with “many resources” and those with “few resources” (474 in mathematics and 473 in science).
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Home Educational Resources
Many Resources
Some Resources
Few Resources
This TIMSS context questionnaire scale was established in 2011 based on the combined response distribution of countries that participated in TIMSS 2011. To provide a point of reference for country comparisons, the scale centerpoint of 10 was located at the mean of the combined distribution. The units of the scale were chosen so that 2 scale score points corresponded to the standard deviation of the distribution.
( ) Standard errors appear in parentheses. Because of rounding some results may appear inconsistent.
An “s” indicates data are available for at least 50% but less than 70% of the students.
A tilde (~) indicates insufficient data to report result.
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